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 $B$\@xG.%U%i%C%/%9JP:9$G@bL@$G$-$k!#@xG.%U%i%C%/%9JP:9$N@.J,$H$7$F!"(BEl 
 Nino$B$G$OBg5$3$MN4V$NHf<>:9$N8z2L$,:G$b4sM?$7$?$N$KBP$7!"(BLa Nina$B$G$OIw(B 
 $BB.$N8z2L$,:G$b4sM?$7$?!#$3$N$h$&$J(BEl Nino$B$H(BLa Nina$B$K$h$k0c$$$O(BWalker$B=[(B 
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 Title : The responses of atmosphere-ocean system in the Atlantic  
 	associated with El Nino and La Nina. 
  
 Abstract: 
 Asymmetric remote influence between warm and cold phases of El 
 Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on the tropical Atlantic sea surface 
 temperature (SST) field is examined using NCEP-NCAR reanalysis and 
 GISST datasets from 1948 to 1999.  Regressed SST anomalies (SSTA) in 
 the Caribbean Sea onto the Nino 3 SST index are significant during 
 January-February period just after the mature phase of the ENSO cycle, 
 and then persist for several months.  In both of phases of the ENSO 
 cycle, spatial structures of the composite SSTA are almost 
 antisymmetric to one another, and correspond to those in surface latent 
 heat flux anomalies, respectively.  In the warm phases, changes in 
 air-sea humidity difference are responsible for those heat flux changes. 
  Whereas, in the cold phases, changes in scalar wind speed  
 contribute as a major 
 component to induce the latent heat flux anomalies.  Thus the major 
 atmospheric variables that induce changes in the latent heat flux are 
 different between warm and cold phases of the ENSO in the Caribbean 
 region.  We will discuss associated changes of thermal and dynamical 
 structures in Walker circulation to explain different ways of the 
 remote influence between two phases of the ENSO cycle. 
  

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$BO"Mm@h(B

$B@PEO(B $B@5 $BBg5$3$MN7w4D6-2J3X@l96(B $BJ*M}7O(B
mail-to:momoko@ees.hokudai.ac.jp / Tel: 011-706-2359