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$@Bj!!L\!'(JFormation and spreading of Persian Gulf Water mass in the Arabian Sea
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Formation and spreading of Persian Gulf Water mass in the Arabian Sea (Thoppil Prasad Gouri) $@H/I=MW;]!'(J
The aim of the present study is to establish pathways for water masses in the thermocline and contribute to our understanding of the upper circulation and mixing in the Arabian Sea. The subsurface salinity maxima are used to determine the spreading and mixing of Persian Gulf Water mass (PGW) in the thermocline of the Arabian Sea based on bi-monthly climatology of temperature and salinity. The PGW forms in the Persian Gulf region during winter monsoon on account of excess evaporation over precipitation and turbulent heat loss exceeding the radiative heat gain. This leaves the Persian Gulf region form salinity maxima between 200-300 m in the Arabian Sea. PGW is shown to advect along this path on the isopycnal surface $@&R(Jt = 26.5 (depth range 200-300 m). Above and below this surface spreading of PGW is accompanied by small degree of vertical mixing. South of 10$@!k(JN, the spreading of PGW is accompanied by significant isopycnal mixing associated with advection of low salinity water brought by the Equatorial Current system throughout the year. The seasonally varying spreading of PGW is in comparable with upper circulation. During winter, the PGW deepens in the southeastern Arabian Sea and propagates westward across the Arabian Sea. This deepening of PGW coincides with the Lakshadweep High seen in the southeastern Arabian Sea. During the southwest monsoon the northwestern part of the core shoals under the influence of the Findlater Jet, while the southeastern part deepens. During summer, the southward spreading of PGW intensifies in the central Arabian Sea, where as in winter the southwestward propagation of PGW along the Somalia coast increases.
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